Linux Shell and Bash • 57 min read

Bash Tutorial

A brief overview of Bash, on your way to becoming a Linux expert. When a computer boots up, a kernel (MacOS, Windows, Linux) is started. This kernel provides a shell that allows user to interact with a most basic set of commands. Typically, the casual user will not interact with the shell as a Desktop User Interface is started by the computer boot up process. To activate a shell directly, users will run a “terminal” through the Desktop. VS Code provides ability to activate “terminal” while in the IDE.

Prerequisites

Setup bash shell dependency variables for this page.

• Hack: Change variables to match your project.

%%script bash

# Dependency Variables, set to match your project directories

cat <<EOF > /tmp/variables.sh
export project_dir=$HOME/vscode  # change vscode to different name to test git clone
export project=\$project_dir/teacher  # change teacher to name of project from git clone
export project_repo="https://github.com/nighthawkcoders/teacher.git"  # change to project of choice
EOF

%%script bash

# Extract saved variables
source /tmp/variables.sh

# Access the variablesw
echo "Project dir: $project_dir"
echo "Project: $project"
echo "Repo: $project_repo"

Project dir: /home/aidanlau10/vscode
Project: /home/aidanlau10/vscode/teacher
Repo: https://github.com/nighthawkcoders/teacher.git

Setup Project

Pull code from GitHub to your machine. This script will create a project directory and add “project” from GitHub to the vscode directory. There is conditional logic to make sure that clone only happen if it does not (!) exist.

%%script bash

# Extract saved variables
source /tmp/variables.sh

echo "Using conditional statement to create a project directory and project"

cd ~    # start in home directory

# Conditional block to make a project directory
if [ ! -d $project_dir ]
then 
    echo "Directory $project_dir does not exists... makinng directory $project_dir"
    mkdir -p $project_dir
fi
echo "Directory $project_dir exists." 

# Conditional block to git clone a project from project_repo
if [ ! -d $project ]
then
    echo "Directory $project does not exists... cloning $project_repo"
    cd $project_dir
    git clone $project_repo
    cd ~
fi
echo "Directory $project exists." 

Using conditional statement to create a project directory and project
Directory /home/aidanlau10/vscode exists.
Directory /home/aidanlau10/vscode/teacher exists.

Look at files Github project

All computers contain files and directories. The clone brought more files from cloud to your machine. Review the bash shell script observe the commands that show and interact with files and directories.

• “ls” lists computer files in Unix and Unix-like operating systems
• “cd” offers way to navigate and change working directory
• “pwd” print working directory
• “echo” used to display line of text/string that are passed as an argument

%%script bash

# Extract saved variables
source /tmp/variables.sh

echo "Navigate to project, then navigate to area wwhere files were cloned"
cd $project
pwd

echo ""
echo "list top level or root of files with project pulled from github"
ls

Navigate to project, then navigate to area wwhere files were cloned
/home/aidanlau10/vscode/teacher

list top level or root of files with project pulled from github
Gemfile
LICENSE
Makefile
README.md
_config.yml
_data
_includes
_layouts
_notebooks
_posts
assets
csa.md
csp.md
csse.md
images
index.md
indexBlogs.md
scripts

Look at file list with hidden and long attributes

Most linux commands have options to enhance behavior

ls reference

%%script bash

# Extract saved variables
source /tmp/variables.sh

echo "Navigate to project, then navigate to area wwhere files were cloned"
cd $project
pwd

echo ""
echo "list all files in long format"
ls -al   # all files -a (hidden) in -l long listing

Navigate to project, then navigate to area wwhere files were cloned
/home/aidanlau10/vscode/teacher

list all files in long format
total 100
drwxr-xr-x 12 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 4096 Aug 18 09:09 .
drwxr-xr-x  4 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 4096 Aug 19 00:53 ..
drwxr-xr-x  8 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 4096 Aug 18 09:09 .git
drwxr-xr-x  3 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 4096 Aug 18 09:09 .github
-rw-r--r--  1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  157 Aug 18 09:09 .gitignore
-rw-r--r--  1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  122 Aug 18 09:09 Gemfile
-rw-r--r--  1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 1081 Aug 18 09:09 LICENSE
-rw-r--r--  1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 3114 Aug 18 09:09 Makefile
-rw-r--r--  1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 8036 Aug 18 09:09 README.md
-rw-r--r--  1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  607 Aug 18 09:09 _config.yml
drwxr-xr-x  2 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 4096 Aug 18 09:09 _data
drwxr-xr-x  2 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 4096 Aug 18 09:09 _includes
drwxr-xr-x  2 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 4096 Aug 18 09:09 _layouts
drwxr-xr-x  3 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 4096 Aug 18 09:09 _notebooks
drwxr-xr-x  2 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 4096 Aug 18 09:09 _posts
drwxr-xr-x  4 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 4096 Aug 18 09:09 assets
-rw-r--r--  1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10   92 Aug 18 09:09 csa.md
-rw-r--r--  1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10   98 Aug 18 09:09 csp.md
-rw-r--r--  1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  108 Aug 18 09:09 csse.md
drwxr-xr-x  2 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 4096 Aug 18 09:09 images
-rw-r--r--  1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 5149 Aug 18 09:09 index.md
-rw-r--r--  1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10   53 Aug 18 09:09 indexBlogs.md
drwxr-xr-x  2 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 4096 Aug 18 09:09 scripts

%%script bash

# Extract saved variables
source /tmp/variables.sh

echo "Look for posts"
export posts=$project/_posts  # _posts inside project
cd $posts  # this should exist per fastpages
pwd  # present working directory
ls -l  # list posts

Look for posts
/home/aidanlau10/vscode/teacher/_posts
total 88
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  7685 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-16-Tools_Equipment.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  4650 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-16-pair_programming.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  7137 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-17-markdown-html_fragments.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  6659 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-23-javascript-calculator.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 10642 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-30-agile_methodolgy.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  3849 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-30-javascript-music-api.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  5312 Aug 18 09:09 2023-09-06-javascript-motion-mario-oop.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  4812 Aug 18 09:09 2023-09-13-java-free_response.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 13220 Aug 18 09:09 2023-10-16-java-api-pojo-jpa.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  6819 Aug 18 09:09 2023-11-13-jwt-java-spring.md

%%script bash

# Extract saved variables
source /tmp/variables.sh

echo "Look for notebooks"
export notebooks=$project/_notebooks  # _notebooks is inside project
cd $notebooks   # this should exist per fastpages
pwd  # present working directory
ls -l  # list notebooks

Look for notebooks
/home/aidanlau10/vscode/teacher/_notebooks
total 752
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  13014 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-01-cloud_database.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10   8992 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-01-mario_player.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  43705 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-02-cloud-workspace-automation.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  22060 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-03-mario_block.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  11791 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-03-mario_platform.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  19450 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-03-mario_tube.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  24387 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-04-mario_background.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10    695 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-07-mario_lesson.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  10110 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-15-java-hello.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  20892 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-16-github_pages_setup.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  32191 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-16-linux_shell.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  11466 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-16-python_hello.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10   9425 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-23-github_pages_anatomy.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  22668 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-23-java-console_games.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10   9038 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-23-python_tricks.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  10152 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-30-javascript_top_10.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10   9689 Aug 18 09:09 2023-08-30-showcase-S1-pair.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10   7192 Aug 18 09:09 2023-09-05-python-flask-anatomy.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  22157 Aug 18 09:09 2023-09-06-AWS-deployment.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  14380 Aug 18 09:09 2023-09-06-java-primitives.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  11671 Aug 18 09:09 2023-09-06-javascript-input.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  13706 Aug 18 09:09 2023-09-12-java_menu_class.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10   9562 Aug 18 09:09 2023-09-13-java_fibonaccii_class.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  44217 Aug 18 09:09 2023-09-13-javascript_output.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  43423 Aug 18 09:09 2023-09-13-python-pandas_intro.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  11578 Aug 18 09:09 2023-09-20-java-image_2D.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  26739 Aug 18 09:09 2023-09-20-javascript_motion_dog.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  13599 Aug 18 09:09 2023-10-02-java-spring-anatomy.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  12429 Aug 18 09:09 2023-10-09-java-chatgpt.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  15632 Aug 18 09:09 2023-10-09-javascript_api.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 113091 Aug 18 09:09 2023-10-09-python_machine_learing_fitness.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  16271 Aug 18 09:09 2023-11-13-jwt-python-flask.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  15951 Aug 18 09:09 2023-11-13-vulnerabilities.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  18328 Aug 18 09:09 2023-11-20-jwt-java-spring-challenge.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  10745 Aug 18 09:09 2024-01-04-cockpit-setup.ipynb
drwxr-xr-x 2 aidanlau10 aidanlau10   4096 Aug 18 09:09 files

%%script bash

# Extract saved variables
source /tmp/variables.sh

echo "Look for images in notebooks, print working directory, list files"
cd $notebooks/images  # this should exist per fastpages
pwd
ls -l

Look for images in notebooks, print working directory, list files
/home/aidanlau10/vscode/student/_notebooks
total 52
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 32192 Aug 22 09:12 2023-08-16-linux_shell.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  5415 Aug 20 13:17 2023-08-17-AP-pseudo-vs-python.ipynb
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  8982 Aug 20 13:17 2023-08-21-VSCode-GitHub_Pages.ipynb


bash: line 6: cd: /images: No such file or directory

Look inside a Markdown File

“cat” reads data from the file and gives its content as output

%%script bash

# Extract saved variables
source /tmp/variables.sh

echo "Navigate to project, then navigate to area wwhere files were cloned"

cd $project
echo "show the contents of README.md"
echo ""

cat README.md  # show contents of file, in this case markdown
echo ""
echo "end of README.md"

Navigate to project, then navigate to area wwhere files were cloned
show the contents of README.md

## Teacher Blog site
This site is intended for the development of Teacher content.  This blogging site is built using GitHub Pages [GitHub Pages](https://docs.github.com/en/pages/getting-started-with-github-pages/creating-a-github-pages-site).
- The purpose is to build lessons and distribute across different Computer Science sections (CSSE, CSP, CSA), a pathway that covers 3 years of High School Instruction.
- The primary languages and frameworks that are taught are `JavaScript/HTML/CSS`, `Python/Flask`, `Java/Spring`.  Read below for more details.
- In this course, Teacher content is not exclusively developed by Teachers.  In fact, many Students have been invited to develop and publish content into this repository.  Their names will appear as authors on the content which they aided in producing.
- This site has incorporated ideas and has radically modified scripts from the now deprecated [fastpages](https://github.com/fastai/fastpages) repository.
- This site includes assistance and guideance from ChatGPT, [chat.openai.com](https://chat.openai.com/) 

### Courses and Pathway
The focus of the Del Norte Computer Science three-year pathway is `Full Stack Web Development`.  This focus provides a variety of technologies and exposures.  The intention of the pathway is breadth and exposure.
- `JavaScript` documents are focused on frontend development and for entry class into the Del Norte Computer Science pathway.  JavaScript documents and materials are a prerequisites to Python and Java classes.
- `Python` documents are focused on backend development and requirements for the AP Computer Science Principles exam.
- `Java` documents are focused on backend development and requirements for the AP Computer Sciene A exam.
- `Data Structures` materials embedded into JavaScript, Python, or Java documents are focused on college course articulation.

### Resources and Instruction
The materials, such as this README, as well as `Tools`, `DevOps`, and `Collaboration` resources are integral part of this course and Computer Science in general.  Everything in our environment is part of our learning of Computer Science. 
- `Visual Studio Code` is key the code-build-debug cycle editor used in this course, [VSCode download](https://code.visualstudio.com/).  This is an example of a resource, but inside of it it has features for collaboration.
- `Tech Talks`, aka lectures, are intended to be interactive and utilize `Jupyter Notebooks` and Websites.  This is an example of blending instruction and tools together, which in turn provide additional resources for learning.  For instance, deep knowledge on  GitHub Pages and Notebooks are valuable in understanding principles behind Full Stack Development and Data Science. 

## GitHub Pages
All `GitHub Pages` websites are managed on GitHub infrastructure. GitHub uses `Jekyll` to tranform your content into static websites and blogs. Each time we change files in GitHub it initiates a GitHub Action that rebuilds and publishes the site with Jekyll.  
- GitHub Pages is powered by: [Jekyll](https://jekyllrb.com/).
- Publised teacher website: [nighthawkcoders.github.io/teacher](https://nighthawkcoders.github.io/teacher/)

## Preparing a Preview Site 
In all development, it is recommended to test your code before deployment.  The GitHub Pages development process is optimized by testing your development on your local machine, prior to files on GitHub

Development Cycle. For GitHub pages, the tooling described below will create a development cycle  `make-code-save-preview`.  In the development cycle, it is a requirement to preview work locally, prior to doing a VSCode `commit` to git.

Deployment Cycle.  In the deplopyment cycle, `sync-github-action-review`, it is a requirement to complete the development cycle prior to doing a VSCode `sync`.  The sync triggers github repository update.  The action starts the jekyll build to publish the website.  Any step can have errors and will require you to do a review.

### WSL and/or Ubuntu installation requirements
- The result of these step is Ubuntu tools to run preview server.  These procedures were created using [jekyllrb.com](https://jekyllrb.com/docs/installation/ubuntu/)
```bash
# Ubuntu requirements
#
echo "=== Install Ruby ==="
# sudo apt install. installs packages for Ubuntu
sudo apt install ruby-full build-essential zlib1g-dev -y
# the following "echo" commands adds gems installation directory into the .bashrc file, avoiding root requirements
echo '# Install Ruby Gems to ~/gems' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export GEM_HOME="$HOME/gems"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/gems/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
#
echo "=== Install Jekyl ==="
gem install jekyll bundler
#
echo "=== Install Conda ==="
wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86.sh -O /tmp/miniconda.sh
chmod +x /tmp/miniconda.sh
/tmp/miniconda.sh -b -p $HOME/miniconda
# Configure ruby into shell
# source the .bashrc file or relanuch terminal
# update conda
~/miniconda/bin/conda update -n base -y -c defaults conda
~/miniconda/bin/conda install -y -c conda-forge pyyam
echo "=== Activate Conda  ==="
source ~/.bashrc
```

### MacOs installation requirements 
- Ihe result of these step are MacOS tools to run preview server.  These procedures were created using [jekyllrb.com](https://jekyllrb.com/docs/installation/macos/)
```bash
# ruby
# MacOS commands
#
# Install Ruby for MacOS
brew install chruby ruby-install xz
ruby-install ruby 3.1.3
# Configure ruby into shell using .zshrc
echo "source $(brew --prefix)/opt/chruby/share/chruby/chruby.sh" >> ~/.zshrc
echo "source $(brew --prefix)/opt/chruby/share/chruby/auto.sh" >> ~/.zshrc
echo '# Install Ruby Gems to ~/gems' >> ~/.zshrc
echo 'export GEM_HOME="$HOME/gems"' >> ~/.zshrc
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/gems/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
#
# install conda for MacOS
wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-x86_64.sh -O /tmp/miniconda.sh
bash /tmp/miniconda.sh -b -p $HOME/miniconda
#
# source the .zshrc file or relanuch terminal
source ~/.zshrc
#
# update conda
conda update -n base -y -c defaults conda
#
# Install local build tools
gem install jekyll bundler
#
conda install -y -c conda-forge pyyam
# install jekyll
gem install jekyll bundler
```

### Preview
- The result of these step is server running on: http://0.0.0.0:4100/teacher/.  Regeneration messages will run in terminal on any save.  Press the Enter or Return key in the terminal at any time to enter commands.

- Complete installation
```bash
bundle install
```
- Run Server.  This requires running terminal commands `make`, `make stop`, `make clean`, or `make convert` to manage the running server.  Logging of details will appear in terminal.   A `Makefile` has been created in project to support commands and start processes.

    - Start preview server in terminal
    ```bash
    cd ~/vscode/teacher  # my project location, adapt as necessary
    make
    ```

    - Terminal output of shows server address. Cmd or Ctl click http location to open preview server in browser. Example Server address message... 
    ```
    Server address: http://0.0.0.0:4100/teacher/
    ```

    - Save on ipynb or md activiates "regeneration". Refresh browser to see updates. Example terminal message...
    ```
    Regenerating: 1 file(s) changed at 2023-07-31 06:54:32
        _notebooks/2024-01-04-cockpit-setup.ipynb
    ```

    - Terminal message are generated from background processes.  Click return or enter to obtain prompt and use terminal as needed for other tasks.  Alway return to root of project `cd ~/vscode/teacher` for all "make" actions. 
        

    - Stop preview server, but leave constructed files in project for your review.
    ```bash
    make stop
    ```

    - Stop server and "clean" constructed files, best choice when renaming files to eliminate potential duplicates in constructed files.
    ```bash
    make clean
    ```

    - Test notebook conversions, best choice to see if IPYNB conversion is acting up.
    ```bash
    make convert
    ```
    

end of README.md

Env, Git and GitHub

Env(ironment) is used to capture things like path to Code or Home directory. Git and GitHub is NOT Only used to exchange code between individuals, it is often used to exchange code through servers, in our case deployment for Website. All tools we use have a behind the scenes hav relationship with the system they run on (MacOS, Windows, Linus) or a relationship with servers which they are connected to (ie GitHub). There is an “env” command in bash. There are environment files and setting files (.git/config) for Git. They both use a key/value concept.

• “env” show setting for your shell
• “git clone” sets up a director of files
• “cd $project” allows user to move inside that directory of files
• “.git” is a hidden directory that is used by git to establish relationship between machine and the git server on GitHub.

%%script bash

# This command has no dependencies

echo "Show the shell environment variables, key on left of equal value on right"
echo ""

env

Show the shell environment variables, key on left of equal value on right

SHELL=/bin/bash
PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
WSL2_GUI_APPS_ENABLED=1
WSL_DISTRO_NAME=Ubuntu
ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE=1
VSCODE_AMD_ENTRYPOINT=vs/workbench/api/node/extensionHostProcess
NAME=DESKTOP-A1FD1DM
PWD=/home/aidanlau10/vscode/student/_notebooks
LOGNAME=aidanlau10
PYDEVD_IPYTHON_COMPATIBLE_DEBUGGING=1
MOTD_SHOWN=update-motd
HOME=/home/aidanlau10
LANG=C.UTF-8
WSL_INTEROP=/run/WSL/30016_interop
LS_COLORS=rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=00:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.zst=01;31:*.tzst=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.wim=01;31:*.swm=01;31:*.dwm=01;31:*.esd=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.mjpg=01;35:*.mjpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.webp=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.m4a=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.opus=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:
WAYLAND_DISPLAY=wayland-0
FORCE_COLOR=1
PYDEVD_USE_FRAME_EVAL=NO
CLICOLOR=1
CLICOLOR_FORCE=1
GEM_HOME=/home/aidanlau10/gems
LESSCLOSE=/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s
VSCODE_HANDLES_SIGPIPE=true
TERM=xterm-color
LESSOPEN=| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s
USER=aidanlau10
GIT_PAGER=cat
PYTHONIOENCODING=utf-8
DISPLAY=:0
SHLVL=1
PAGER=cat
VSCODE_CWD=/mnt/c/Users/Aidan/AppData/Local/Programs/Microsoft VS Code
MPLBACKEND=module://matplotlib_inline.backend_inline
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000/
WSLENV=VSCODE_WSL_EXT_LOCATION/up
VSCODE_WSL_EXT_LOCATION=/mnt/c/Users/Aidan/.vscode/extensions/ms-vscode-remote.remote-wsl-0.81.0
XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/local/share:/usr/share:/var/lib/snapd/desktop
PATH=/bin:/home/aidanlau10/.vscode-server/bin/6c3e3dba23e8fadc360aed75ce363ba185c49794/bin/remote-cli:/home/aidanlau10/.local/bin:/home/aidanlau10/gems/bin:/home/aidanlau10/gems/bin:/home/aidanlau10/gems/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/usr/lib/wsl/lib:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/iCLS/:/mnt/c/Program Files/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/iCLS/:/mnt/c/Windows/system32:/mnt/c/Windows:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/Wbem:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0/:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/DAL:/mnt/c/Program Files/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/DAL:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/IPT:/mnt/c/Program Files/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/IPT:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/NVIDIA Corporation/PhysX/Common:/mnt/c/Program Files/Intel/WiFi/bin/:/mnt/c/Program Files/Common Files/Intel/WirelessCommon/:/mnt/c/WINDOWS/system32:/mnt/c/WINDOWS:/mnt/c/WINDOWS/System32/Wbem:/mnt/c/WINDOWS/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0/:/mnt/c/WINDOWS/System32/OpenSSH/:/Docker/host/bin:/mnt/c/Users/Aidan/AppData/Local/Microsoft/WindowsApps:/mnt/c/Users/Aidan/AppData/Local/Programs/Microsoft VS Code/bin:/snap/bin:/home/aidanlau10/.vscode-server/bin/6c3e3dba23e8fadc360aed75ce363ba185c49794/bin/remote-cli:/home/aidanlau10/.local/bin:/home/aidanlau10/gems/bin:/home/aidanlau10/gems/bin:/home/aidanlau10/gems/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/usr/lib/wsl/lib:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/iCLS/:/mnt/c/Program Files/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/iCLS/:/mnt/c/Windows/system32:/mnt/c/Windows:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/Wbem:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0/:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/DAL:/mnt/c/Program Files/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/DAL:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/IPT:/mnt/c/Program Files/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/IPT:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/NVIDIA Corporation/PhysX/Common:/mnt/c/Program Files/Intel/WiFi/bin/:/mnt/c/Program Files/Common Files/Intel/WirelessCommon/:/mnt/c/WINDOWS/system32:/mnt/c/WINDOWS:/mnt/c/WINDOWS/System32/Wbem:/mnt/c/WINDOWS/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0/:/mnt/c/WINDOWS/System32/OpenSSH/:/Docker/host/bin:/mnt/c/Users/Aidan/AppData/Local/Microsoft/WindowsApps:/mnt/c/Users/Aidan/AppData/Local/Programs/Microsoft VS Code/bin:/snap/bin
DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/run/user/1000/bus
VSCODE_NLS_CONFIG={"locale":"en","osLocale":"en","availableLanguages":{}}
HOSTTYPE=x86_64
PULSE_SERVER=unix:/mnt/wslg/PulseServer
VSCODE_HANDLES_UNCAUGHT_ERRORS=true
VSCODE_IPC_HOOK_CLI=/run/user/1000/vscode-ipc-4d9b6fd0-9cea-4a7d-a3f4-4f17a88bfdc9.sock
_=/bin/env

%%script bash

# Extract saved variables
source /tmp/variables.sh

cd $project

echo ""
echo "show the secrets of .git"
cd .git
ls -l

echo ""
echo "look at config file"
cat config

show the secrets of .git
total 52
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10    21 Aug 18 09:09 HEAD
drwxr-xr-x 2 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  4096 Aug 18 09:09 branches
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10   267 Aug 18 09:09 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10    73 Aug 18 09:09 description
drwxr-xr-x 2 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  4096 Aug 18 09:09 hooks
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 11606 Aug 18 09:09 index
drwxr-xr-x 2 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  4096 Aug 18 09:09 info
drwxr-xr-x 3 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  4096 Aug 18 09:09 logs
drwxr-xr-x 4 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  4096 Aug 18 09:09 objects
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10   112 Aug 18 09:09 packed-refs
drwxr-xr-x 5 aidanlau10 aidanlau10  4096 Aug 18 09:09 refs

look at config file
[core]
	repositoryformatversion = 0
	filemode = true
	bare = false
	logallrefupdates = true
[remote "origin"]
	url = https://github.com/nighthawkcoders/teacher.git
	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
[branch "main"]
	remote = origin
	merge = refs/heads/main

Student Request - Make a file in Bash

This example was requested by a student (Jun Lim, CSA). The request was to make jupyer file using bash, I adapted the request to markdown. This type of thought will have great extrapolation to coding and possibilities of using List, Arrays, or APIs to build user interfaces. JavaScript is a language where building HTML is very common.

To get more interesting output from terminal, this will require using something like mdless (https://github.com/ttscoff/mdless). This enables see markdown in rendered format.

• On Desktop Install PKG from MacPorts
• In Terminal on MacOS
  • Install ncurses
  • gem install mdless

Output of the example is much nicer in “jupyter”

%%script bash

# This example has error in VSCode, it run best on Jupyter
cd /tmp

file="sample.md"
if [ -f "$file" ]; then
    rm $file
fi

tee -a $file >/dev/null <<EOF
# Show Generated Markdown
This introductory paragraph and this line and the title above are generated using tee with the standard input (<<) redirection operator.
- This bulleted element is still part of the tee body.
EOF

echo "- This bulleted element and lines below are generated using echo with standard output (>>) redirection operator." >> $file
echo "- The list definition, as is, is using space to seperate lines.  Thus the use of commas and hyphens in output." >> $file
actions=("ls,list-directory" "cd,change-directory" "pwd,present-working-directory" "if-then-fi,test-condition" "env,bash-environment-variables" "cat,view-file-contents" "tee,write-to-output" "echo,display-content-of-string" "echo_text_>\$file,write-content-to-file" "echo_text_>>\$file,append-content-to-file")
for action in ${actions[@]}; do  # for loop is very similar to other language, though [@], semi-colon, do are new
  action=${action//-/ }  # convert dash to space
  action=${action//,/: } # convert comma to colon
  action=${action//_text_/ \"sample text\" } # convert _text_ to sample text, note escape character \ to avoid "" having meaning
  echo "    - ${action//-/ }" >> $file  # echo is redirected to file with >>
done

echo ""
echo "File listing and status"
ls -l $file # list file
wc $file   # show words
mdless $file  # this requires installation, but renders markown from terminal

rm $file  # clean up termporary file

File listing and status
-rw-r--r-- 1 aidanlau10 aidanlau10 809 Aug 22 09:23 sample.md
 15 132 809 sample.md


bash: line 30: mdless: command not found

Hack Preparation.

Review Tool Setup Procedures and think about some thing you could verify through a Shell notebook.

• Come up with your own student view of this procedure to show your tools are installed.
• Name and create notes on some Linux commands you will use frequently.
• Is there anything we use to verify tools we install? Review versions checks.
• Is there anything we could verify with Anaconda? or WSL?
• How would you update a repository? Could you do that in script above?